MQTT is an ultra-lightweight protocol designed to efficiently send small messages between connected devices such as sensors and mobile phones. It uses a publish/subscribe architecture over TCP/IP and is particularly useful in environments with limited bandwidth or resources.
The protocol is standardized by OASIS and ISO, with MQTT 5.0 being the latest major version released in March 2019. It supports three levels of delivery guarantee (QoS 0, 1, 2), retained messages, and security mechanisms such as TLS and authentication.
MQTT enables two-way communication: devices can publish their data and subscribe to configuration messages. By using a central broker (for example Mosquitto, EMQX, or HiveMQ), systems become scalable, robust, and easy to manage-even when millions of devices are connected.
